"Aftermarket" is a term used to describe parts that are not made by the factory. So for example, for your Audi Q5, if you buy parts for your car that are not actually made by Audi, then those are termed "aftermarket". Many people use the term "Q5 aftermarket parts" specifically when referring to custom parts for the Q5, like performance parts or custom appearance parts. But even if you just replace your Q5 brake pads with OEM-grade factory-style brake pads that are not made by Audi, those too are aftermarket Q5 parts. Over the course of a vehicle's life, it almost certainly will have aftermarket parts installed in it at some point, even if the vehicle is never actually "modded out".